{"id":286784,"date":"2025-01-13T16:55:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T16:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hihilulu.com\/pour-une-approche-dualiste-de-lenseignement-apprentisage-du-chinois\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T07:30:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T07:30:25","slug":"character-based-snowball-chinese-learning-method","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hihilulu.com\/fr\/character-based-snowball-chinese-learning-method\/","title":{"rendered":"Pour une approche dualiste de l&#8217;enseignement-apprentisage du chinois"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La diff\u00e9rence fondamentale entre le chinois et la plupart des autres langues tient \u00e0 son \u00e9criture: contrairement aux alphabets (latin, grec, arabe, h\u00e9breu ou cyrillique), l&#8217;\u00e9criture chinoise n&#8217;analyse pas les sons, elle est faite de caract\u00e8res qui sont autant d&#8217;unit\u00e9s de sens.<\/p>\n<p>En chinois, le mot \u00ab pays \u00bb se dit par exemple \u00abguojia\u00bb, et se lit et s&#8217;\u00e9crit \u00e0 l&#8217;aide de deux caract\u00e8res: \u56fd pays et \u5bb6 famille (le caract\u00e8re \u56fdsignifie pays, royaume, Etat, mais ne peut suffire seul \u00e0 dire pays).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cet exemple illustre toute l&#8217;originalit\u00e9 du chinois:<\/p>\n<p>le mot, le plus souvent dissyllabique, est l&#8217;unit\u00e9 minimale qui r\u00e8gle sur la langue orale;<\/p>\n<p>en revanche, c&#8217;est le caract\u00e8re, unit\u00e9 de sens, qui est l&#8217;unit\u00e9 minimale de la langue dans sa \u00abface graphique\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Si l&#8217;on respecte le chinois tel qu&#8217;il est, on doit partir du fait que deux unit\u00e9s minimales (le mot et le caract\u00e8re) sont \u00e0 la base de l&#8217;enseignement-apprentissage du chinois, et non une seule (le mot), comme en anglais, en fran\u00e7ais, en espagnol, etc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;enseignement-apprentissage du chinois, qui a connu une progression consid\u00e9rable ces 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es sur l&#8217;ensemble des cinq continents et \u00e0 tous les niveaux \u00e9ducatifs (primaire, secondaire, sup\u00e9rieur, associatif) est dans une situation de v\u00e9ritable \u00abschisme\u00bb didactique au plan international. <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Travers\u00e9 qu&#8217;il est entre deux orientations radicalement oppos\u00e9es et reposant sur deux points de vue:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d&#8217;un c\u00f4t\u00e9, le point de vue majoritaire dans l&#8217;enseignement du chinois langue \u00e9trang\u00e8re en Chine, qui occidentalise paradoxalement le chinois, traitant cette langue comme les autres langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res, anglais fran\u00e7ais, espagnol, etc. En effet, des textes ou dialogues servant de support \u00e0 l&#8217;apprentissage du chinois sont extraits les mots nouveaux (par exemple \u00abguojia\u00bb, signifiant pays), sans qu&#8217;ils soient d\u00e9compos\u00e9s en unit\u00e9 de sens qui les composent. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>de l&#8217;autre, le point de vue adopt\u00e9 de longue date en Europe et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on syst\u00e9matique par Jo\u00ebl Bellassen (l&#8217;approche dite \u00abdualiste\u00bb de l&#8217;apprentissage du chinois) \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 80, reconnaissant et traitant sous toutes leurs dimensions les deux unit\u00e9s que sont le mot et le caract\u00e8re. De ce point de vue, la singularit\u00e9 du chinois par rapport aux autres langues doit \u00eatre respect\u00e9e: l\u00e0 o\u00f9 dans les autres langues, l&#8217;\u00e9criture est trait\u00e9e comme un simple outil de transcription de la langue parl\u00e9e, globalement transparent et ne constituant pas une instance didactique en tant que telle, les apprenants en chinois sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 deux savoirs li\u00e9s entre eux, mais en m\u00eame temps relativement autonomes, avec leurs lois propres, n\u00e9cessitant des strat\u00e9gies d&#8217;apprentissage diff\u00e9rentes.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Il ressort de cette approche dualiste des cons\u00e9quences majeures permettant d&#8217;all\u00e9ger la charge cognitive et la charge d&#8217;apprentissage en chinois et donc d&#8217;optimiser celui-ci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> dissocier plus ou moins la face langagi\u00e8re et ses activit\u00e9s (expression orale, expression \u00e9crite, compr\u00e9hension orale, compr\u00e9hension \u00e9crite) de la face graphique du chinois (les caract\u00e8res, l&#8217;identification de leurs composants, leur m\u00e9morisation visuographique et kin\u00e9sique, leur ex\u00e9cution graphique).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dans le cas de l&#8217;apprentissage pr\u00e9coce du chinois (\u00e9cole primaire et premiers niveaux de l&#8217;\u00e9cole primaire), il est recommand\u00e9 une dissociation totale des faces langagi\u00e8re et graphique: apprendre \u00e0 l&#8217;oral les mots du quotidien (remerciements, couleurs, animaux, parties du corps, etc.) et d&#8217;autre part apprendre des caract\u00e8res selon leur logique de composition graphique (\u6728\u00abarbre\u00bb, \u6797 \u00abpetite for\u00eat\u00bb ,\u68ee \u00abgrande for\u00eat\u00bb, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>accorder aux caract\u00e8res la place et le temps d&#8217;apprentissage et d&#8217;exposition qui leur revient, et recourir \u00e0 la mn\u00e9motechnique afin de faciliter leur m\u00e9morisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>veiller \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence et \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence lexicales (mots), mais \u00e9galement \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence et \u00e0 la r\u00e9currence graphiques (caract\u00e8res).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La diff\u00e9rence fondamentale entre le chinois et la plupart des autres langues tient \u00e0 son \u00e9criture: contrairement aux alphabets (latin, grec, arabe, h\u00e9breu ou cyrillique), l&#8217;\u00e9criture chinoise n&#8217;analyse pas les sons, elle est faite de caract\u00e8res qui sont autant d&#8217;unit\u00e9s de sens. En chinois, le mot \u00ab pays \u00bb se dit par exemple \u00abguojia\u00bb, et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"nf_dc_page":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,179],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-286784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogs","category-non-categorise"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pour une approche dualiste de l&#039;enseignement-apprentisage du chinois - hihilulu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the dualist approach to teaching Chinese through immersive learning, cultural context, and interactive language education methods.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hihilulu.com\/fr\/character-based-snowball-chinese-learning-method\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pour une approche dualiste de l&#039;enseignement-apprentisage du chinois - 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